Nanotechnology-Based Fertilizers and Sustainable Crop Productivity: The Mediating Role of Nutrient Use Efficiency and Soil Fertility
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture is increasingly challenged by declining soil fertility, inefficient nutrient utilization, and the growing demand for high crop yields. Nanotechnology-based fertilizers (NBFs), which involve nano-sized nutrient particles or encapsulated delivery systems, offer a promising solution by improving nutrient availability, reducing losses, and enhancing plant uptake. These fertilizers have the potential to optimize crop productivity while minimizing environmental impact. This study investigates the impact of nanotechnology-based fertilizers on sustainable crop productivity, focusing on the mediating roles of nutrient use efficiency and soil fertility. Nutrient use efficiency refers to the proportion of applied nutrients effectively absorbed and utilized by crops, while soil fertility encompasses physical, chemical, and biological properties that support plant growth. Both factors are hypothesized to mediate the relationship between NBF application and crop productivity. A quantitative research design was adopted, with data collected from farmers, agronomists, and soil scientists across regions using NBFs. Structured questionnaires measured NBF adoption, nutrient use efficiency, soil fertility, and crop productivity. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS structural equation modeling to evaluate direct and mediated effects. Results indicate that nanotechnology-based fertilizers positively influence sustainable crop productivity. Nutrient use efficiency and soil fertility both significantly mediate this relationship, emphasizing the role of soil health and optimal nutrient management in achieving productivity gains. The findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced fertilizer technologies with soil management strategies to ensure sustainable and high-yield agriculture. These insights are valuable for policymakers, agricultural planners, and technology developers aiming to promote precision nutrient management and sustainable crop production.
